1/7/2024 0 Comments Write yorum![]() ![]() Interpretation and evaluation of persons about their illness is a determining factor in their emotional and behavioral reactions, mechanisms of coping, psychosocial strain, development of psychiatric disorders, and QoL. Reactions to illness take shape according to an individual’s illness perception, their beliefs, type of treatment, intensity of treatment, and physiological changes occurring in the person. Humans create cognitive models in order to explain and predict the events in their external environment. 15, 16 Illness perception can be defined as the cognitive perspective of the disease condition. 14Īs in other patients with chronic disease, illness perception in COPD may have direct positive or negative effects on the treatment process, and their psychological conditions. Therefore, the patients’ cognitive and emotional perception about the disease and their reactions to this should be evaluated. Cognitive and emotional factors may also influence dyspnea perception. ![]() Dyspnea may occur due to organic or psychogenic reasons. 7 Dyspnea, which is among the most common symptoms in COPD, leads to panic, anxiety, and fear of death in patients. While some patients adapt to living with the disease, others may be seriously affected. 12, 13Įffects of the disease process show individual differences among persons with COPD, which severely and multi-directionally affect life for patients and their families. 7-11 Studies have reported the association of shortness of breath, hypoxia, and emotional disorders in COPD. ![]() Furthermore, studies in the literature have shown that COPD may be accompanied by several problems resulting from physical and social issues, including lifestyle changes, limitations, hopelessness, anger, irritability, aggression, lack of confidence, and occupational, social, and sexual insufficiencies. Emotional stress, adaptation difficulty, anxiety disorder, paranoid reactions, panic, and depression are psychiatric disorders that are often seen in COPD patients and are associated with decreased QoL. 6, 7 COPD may affect cerebral functions, leading to neuropsychiatric disorders, and may also lead to psychiatric outcomes because of the patient’s illness perception and the effects on their lifestyle and QoL. ![]() In addition, change in life style, difficulty in coping with the disease, and decrease or loss of the control on life may negatively affect QoL in COPD patients in the physical, psychological, social, and economical aspects. Repeated hospitalizations due to exacerbations cause patients to move away from their own natural environment, and to suffer loneliness. Increased limitations in daily activities and dependency in COPD patients lead to social isolation, inability to perform the expected roles within family and society, decreased self-esteem, change in body image, and a deterioration in QoL. Health-related quality of life is a wide term with physical, spiritual, emotional, and social aspects. 1-3 Symptoms of shortness of breath, cough, and fatigue that are common in COPD patients decrease their ability to perform daily activities and consequently, their quality of life (QoL). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important public health issue characterized by increased rates of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs worldwide. ![]()
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